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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
When Jack is bluffing, he sets a chip on his cards. Jack set a chip on his cards, so I know he's bluffing.
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Here is one possible invalid syllogism.
• Premise: If Jack is bluffing, then he sets a chip on his cards. • Premise: Jack set a chip on his cards. • Conclusion: Therefore, Jack is bluffing. This type of fallacy is called affirming the consequent.
• Premise: If P, then Q. • Premise: Q. • Conclusion: Therefore, P. In the first premise, Q is called the consequent. The name affirming the consequent comes from the fact that the second premise states that Q is true.
Here is one way to draw a diagram to analyze this fallacy.
Note about Fallacies
Stating that a syllogism is a fallacy simply means that the conclusion was not obtained by logical deduction. It does not mean that the conclusion of the syllogism is false.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
When Rich wants a favor, he starts acting really friendly. Rich has been acting really friendly today, so I know he wants something.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
Greg's friend Dylan is very conservative. Greg concludes that everyone in Dylan's family must be very conservative.
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Here is one way to draw a diagram to analyze the conclusion.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
Erica awakens at midnight and discovers the power is out at her house. She looks out her window and sees that all of her neighbors' windows are dark. She concludes that they must have lost their power too.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
Kyle is buying a dress for his wife. He knows she doesn't like the color blue. So, he picks out a yellow dress and concludes that she will like it because it isn't blue.
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Here is one way to draw a diagram to analyze the conclusion.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
Kimberly's mother doesn't approve of boys with tattoos. Kimberly's new boyfriend doesn't have any tattoos, so she concludes that her mother will approve of him.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
Tom is ordering pizza for his friends. He recalls that his friend David doesn't like pepperoni. So, he orders a pizza with mushrooms and concludes that David will eat it because it doesn't have pepperoni on it.
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Here is one way to draw a diagram to analyze the conclusion.
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Draw a set diagram to analyze the conclusion. (See Example 3 and Example 4.)
I am feeling sick this morning. It must be because of the sushi I ate last night. Everyone who ate the sushi must be sick by now.
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